Stigma, Mental Illness and Culture
When someone experiences symptoms that intensely affect their thoughts, cognitive processes, and ability to function day to day over a prolonged period, they are often diagnosed with a severe mental illness. Upon first receiving a diagnosis or being labeled as “mentally ill” — such as with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, OCD, depression, or anxiety, to name a few — it may come as a relief to finally have an explanation for what’s been happening. For others, however, being labeled with a mental illness can bring feelings of shame, grief, despair, and hopelessness.
Worse still, people living with mental illness may withdraw from important relationships, work, school, social activities, and leisure pursuits, driven by the shame they feel — whether internal or from others. Sadly, there are also those who will shun, reject, or ignore someone struggling with a mental illness. This is stigma. Stigma occurs when individuals or groups hold negative beliefs or attitudes towards those living with mental health conditions1.
The way people with mental health challenges are treated can vary significantly depending on their cultural or community backgrounds2.
For example, in many Asian cultures, values such as dignity, respect, and honor are deeply important. Seeking help for mental health concerns may be viewed as a sign of weakness, potentially bringing shame to one's family or community. In some Hispanic cultures, strong family ties are paramount, and individuals may prefer to rely on family support rather than reaching out to mental health professionals. Within some African communities and cultures, there may be strong beliefs in witchcraft or demonic possession and a deep-seated mistrust of white healthcare providers, making individuals less likely to seek formal mental health services. In many Indigenous cultures, healing is often sought through nature, traditional practices, and healing circles rather than through clinical or medical approaches.
Our diverse and multicultural society has made significant progress in incorporating more holistic methods into the treatment of severe mental illnesses. However, to truly reach marginalized groups, particularly BIPOC communities, mental health professionals — including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, and social workers — must continue to strive for cultural sensitivity. It is crucial to recognize and honor cultural differences while developing therapeutic approaches that are respectful and inclusive.
For individuals from diverse racial, ethnic, or cultural backgrounds, reaching out for mental health support is a courageous act — and help is available. For mental health professionals, it is equally important to remain open, to learn about different cultures, and to pursue training that fosters diverse and culturally sensitive therapeutic practices.
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